tanka

tanka
   The tanka is a Japanese poetic form that became the dominant genre in medieval Japan by the time of the HEIAN PERIOD in the late eighth century. The Japanese prized brevity and suggestiveness in their poetry, and the tanka showcases those qualities. It is a five-line poem of 31 syllables, containing lines of five, seven, five, seven, and seven syllables. A tanka was divided into the kami no ku (the “upper poem” or first three lines) and the shimo no ku (the “lower poem” or last three lines). The third line usually contained an image that united the two halves of the poem, which addressed different subjects. The agglutinative nature of the Japanese language, in which a simple verb, for example,may trail several suffixes indicating things like probability and mood, complements this kind of a poem. A single verb, for example, may be seven syllables long, and therefore take up an entire line of a tanka. The KOKINSHŪ, completed about 905, contains 1,111 of these short poems. The poems are all composed by members of an aristocratic class that considered the ability to create a poem in response to any given social situation essential for good breeding. Most often these poems deal with human relationships, particularly love, or are a response to or appreciation of the beauties of nature. Ideally the tanka should express yojo, a kind of deep yearning that involved all of the emotions. At their best tankas express universal human emotions in understated but striking and memorable images, as, for example, does this anonymous poem (number 746 in the Kokinshu).Note how the third line links the keepsake, subject of the upper poem, with the expressed emotion, subject of the lower poem:
   This very keepsake
   is now a source of misery,
   for were it not here
   there might be fleeting moments
   when I would not think of you.
   (McCullough 2002, 2171)
   Bibliography
   ■ McCullough, Helen Craig, trans. The Kokinshu. In The Norton Anthology ofWorld Literature, 2nd ed. Vol. B, edited by Susan Lawall et al., 2,160–2,174. New York: Norton, 2002.

Encyclopedia of medieval literature. 2013.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Tanka — * Tanka, a genre of Japanese poetry (see Tanka) * Tanka prose, one species of the Japanese literary genre, combines tanka poems and prose. * Thangka, a pictorial representation in Tibetan Buddhism ( Tanka is an alternative phonetic spelling) *… …   Wikipedia

  • tanka — ● tanka nom masculin (japonais tanka, court poème) Forme poétique japonaise classique de 31 syllabes soumises à l alternance 5 7 5/7 7. ● tanka ou thanka nom masculin (tibétain thang ka, objet plat) Image religieuse bouddhique (surtout au Népal… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • tanka — TÁNKA s. f. scurt poem japonez de numai cinci versuri, cu 31 de silabe. (< fr. tanka) Trimis de raduborza, 12.03.2008. Sursa: MDN …   Dicționar Român

  • tanka — form of Japanese verse, from Japanese tanka, from tan short + ka song …   Etymology dictionary

  • Tanka — Tan ka, n. (Naut.) A kind of boat used in Canton. It is about 25 feet long and is often rowed by women. Called also {tankia}. S. W. Williams. [1913 Webster] …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • tanka — tȁnka ž <D L i> DEFINICIJA knjiž. japanska lirska pjesma sa 31 slogom u pet redaka (pet slogova u prvom i trećem retku, sedam u ostalima) ETIMOLOGIJA jap. ← srkin. ≃ kin. duan: kratko + ge: pjesma …   Hrvatski jezični portal

  • tanka — tánka dkt. Rašýti tánkas …   Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos žodyno antraštynas

  • tanka — tankà sf. (4); TS1900,1 tankynė, tankumynė: Tankoje tik, regis, baidyklės gyvena rš …   Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language

  • tanka — [täŋ′kə] n. [SinoJpn < tan, short + ka, poem, song] 1. a Japanese verse form of 31 syllables in five unrhymed lines, the first and third having five syllables each and the others seven 2. a poem in this form …   English World dictionary

  • Tanka — Le tanka, du japonais tanka (短歌, tanka, du japonais tanka?, littéralement poème court), est un poème japonais sans rimes, de 31 syllabes sur cinq lignes. Le tanka est une forme de la poésie traditionnelle waka …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Tanka — El tanka es un tipo de poesía tradicional japonesa. Consta de cinco versos de 5 7 5 7 7 sílabas. Contenido 1 Historia de los Tankas 2 Ejemplos de Tanka 3 Sus Criterios 4 …   Wikipedia Español

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”